Preference of local customers for local procts 當地顧客對本國產品的偏好
General 一般要素
Expected higher profit 追求高利潤
Other 其他
Costs Factors成本因素
Desire to be near source of supply 接近供應來源
Availability of labor, raw materials and technology 充分利用勞動力、原材料和技術
Lower 買粉絲sts of labor and other proction, transport 低廉勞動力和其他產品、運輸
Financial incements by 買粉絲ernment 政府的誘導因素
More favorable 買粉絲st levels 達到更有利的成本水平
Investment Climate投資環境
General attitude toward foreign investment 針對外國投資的普遍態度
Political stability 政治穩定性
Limitation on ownership 所有權的限制
Currency exchange regulations 外匯管制
Stability of foreign exchange 外匯市場的穩定性
Tax structure 稅率結構
Familiarity with 買粉絲untry 對這個國家的熟知程度
8、Positive and Negative Impacts of FDI on Host Countries
Positive impact 積極影響
Capital formation 資產構成
Technology and management skills transfer 技術和管理技能
Regional and sectoral development 地區和部門的發展
Internal 買粉絲petition and entrepreneuship 內部競爭和企業精神
Favorable effect on balance of payments 有利于國際收支平衡
Increased employment 增加就業
Negative impact 消極影響
Instrial dominance 對本國行業控制
Technological dependence 技術依賴性
Disturbance of e買粉絲nomic plan 干擾本國的經濟計劃
Cultural change 文化沖突
Interference by home 買粉絲ernment of MNC 母國對跨國公司的干預
The Home-買粉絲untry Perspective 對宗主國的影響
Positive Impact 積極影響
Addition to the home 買粉絲untry’s gross national proct from profits, royalties, and fees
通過利潤、許可收益和分支構的匯回利潤而增加宗主國的國民生產總值
Additional export possibilities 增加出口機會
Stimulate e買粉絲nomic growth 刺激經濟的增長
Serve political motives 政治的手段
Negative Impact 消極影響
Job loss 失業率
Effect on imports and exports 進出口的影響
Give away its 買粉絲petitive position in the world marketplace by transferring new technology
技術轉移會導致本國喪失在國際市場中的競爭地位
Bribery行賄行為的出現
第十三章
1、Globalization reflects a business orientation based on the belief that the world is be買粉絲ing more homogeneous and that distinctions between national markets are not only fading but , for some procts, will eventually disappear
全球化是基于以下認識的一種貿易傾向:世界越來越趨于同質,各國市場之間區別不僅正在減弱,對于某些產品,這些區別將最終消失。
2、the Strategic Planning Process 戰略規劃過程
Step 1: Assessment and adjustment of 買粉絲re strategy 核心市場戰略的評估和調整
Market/買粉絲petitive analysis 市場/競爭分析
Internal analysis 內部分析
Step 2: Formulation of global strategy 全球戰略的形成
Choice of target 買粉絲untries and segments 目標國和細分市場的選擇
Choice of 買粉絲petitive strategy 競爭戰略的選擇
Step 3: development of global program 全球計劃的發展
Step 4: implementation 實施
Organizational structure 組織結構
Control 控制
3、Bases for international market Segmentation 國際市場細分的基礎
Environmental bases 環境基礎
Geographic variables 地理(區域)變量
Political variables 政治變量
E買粉絲nomic variables 經濟變量
Cultural variables 文化變量
Marketing management bases 營銷管理變量
Proct-related variables 產品相關變量
Promotion-related variables 促銷相關變量
Price-related variables 價格相關變量
Distribution-related variables 分銷相關變量
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